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miasma theory
The miasma theory (also called the miasmatic theory) held that diseases such as cholera, chlamydia or the Black Death were caused by a ''miasma'' (Μίασμα, ancient Greek: "pollution"), a noxious form of "bad air", also known as "night air". The theory held that the origin of epidemics was due to a miasma, emanating from rotting organic matter.
The miasma theory was accepted from ancient times in Europe, India, and China. The theory was eventually given up by scientists and physicians after 1880. They instead accepted the germ theory of disease: specific germs, not miasma, caused specific diseases. However the belief, based on miasma theory, that it was the highest urban priority to clean up the garbage and get rid of the smell remained a strong belief in the popular culture.〔Linda Nash, ''Inescapable Ecologies: A History of Environment, Disease, and Knowledge'' (2007)〕〔Suellen Hoy, ''Chasing Dirt: The American Pursuit of Cleanliness'' (1996) pp 104-13〕
==Etymology==
The word ''miasma ''comes from ancient Greek and means "pollution".〔(Miasma in Webster Dictionary )〕
The idea also gave rise to the name malaria (literally "bad air") through medieval Italian.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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